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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire ： ウィキペディア英語版 Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire The foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire were characterized by competition with the Persian Empire to the east and Europe to the west. The foreign relations of the Ottomans began to collapse in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire eventually leading to the loss of many important territories. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bulgarian Declaration of Independence soon followed, and eventually most of the Arab lands became independent soon before the Empire entered World War I. == Structure == The Ottoman Empire's diplomatic structure was unconventional and departed in many ways from its European counterparts. Traditionally, foreign affairs were conducted by the ''Reis ül-Küttab'' (Chief Clerk or Secretary of State) who also had other duties. In 1836, a Foreign Ministry was created.〔(Foundations of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry ) International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1974〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.